In The Art of War [1], Sun Tzu notes that one of five essentials to victory is “He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight”.
This is a general principle found throughout history of Warriors. It was part of the Samurai’s code of conduct “The Bushido”. Inazo Nitobe writes in Bushido, The Soul of Japan [2], “The question that concerns us most however, - Did Bushido justify the promiscuous use of the weapon? The answer is unequivocally, no! As it laid great stress on its proper use, so did it denounce and abhor it misuse.” He goes on to write “The popular apothegm-“To be beaten is to conquer.” Meaning true conquest consists in not opposing a riotous foe; and “The best won victory is that obtained without shedding of blood,” and others of similar import-will show that after all the ultimate ideal knighthood was peace”.
Martial Arts practiced in its true philosophy continue this concept as part of its underlying principles. In Gichin Funakoshi’s, The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate [3], his second principle is “There is no first strike in karate”.
Funakoshi writes that it is only as a last resort that one would use their skills. He writes “..when circumstances beyond control cause practitioners to have recourse to action, they must respond wholeheartedly and without concern for life or limb, allowing their martial prowess to shine to the best of their ability. This is indeed the true spirit of budo (the Way of the Martial Arts), and it is the correct spirit behind the second principle.”
Han Moo Kwan Tae Kwon Do also has this principle at its core. In sparring, Mr. Kim never attacked first; he always waited for the other person to attack. This is one way Mr. Kim practiced the essence of use of martial arts for self-defense only.
Students of Han Moo Kwan should be aware of surroundings and avoid confrontation and try to de-escalate confrontation or conflict if possible. If options to avoid confrontation or conflict are exhausted, and no other option exists, then and only then, should the techniques learned in Han Moo Kwan Tae Kwon Do be used to physically defend oneself. By doing so, we practice the true principle of our art form and follow in the tradition of the code of conduct of Warriors for centuries.
Regards,
Kelly
The correct understanding of Karate and its proper use is Karate-do. One who truly trains in this do [way] and actually understands Karate-do is never easily drawn into a fight. ~ Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957), founder of Shotokan Karate
References:
1. The Art of War by Sun Tzu
2. Bushido, The Soul of Japan by Inazo Nitobe
3. The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate: The Spiritual Legacy of the Master by Gichin Funakoshi
Friday, October 1, 2010
Wednesday, September 1, 2010
Advancing in the Art Form - - Chief Instructor's Blog September 2010
As I mentioned at the Awards Night in June, everyone improved their skills or knowledge of the art form over the last session. In addition, every person improves at their own pace. Based on what we have experienced in the Club, as Instructors, we are not 100% accurate on who we think may reach certain levels or continue to work out with us in the Club. I personally, have been very surprised at times on who continues and makes this a part of their life versus something they do for a couple of years.
With that said, martial arts is a journey and commitment. We recognize, due to many reasons including life changes that continuing the practice within the Club can be difficult at times.
Since the Club started in 1973, we have on record 570 students testing (which means there have probably been close to 1000 students that at least signed up for the class, since our experience is about a 50% drop out ratio in the first semester).
Of those 570 students, the break out per rank is:
• 141 Green Belts (25%)
• 288 Blue (51%)
• 65 Brown Belts (11%)
• 13 Interim Black Belts (2%)
• 63 Black Belts (11%)
Based on information I have read in books and on martial arts website, around 11% for Black Belts appears to be consistent with other western martial arts clubs. Therefore, about 1 in 10 people who test in our Club reach the level of First Degree Black Belt.
Of the Black Belts, the break out per degree is:
• 49 First Degree Black Belts (8.6%)
• 8 Second Degree Black Belts (1.4%)
• 3 Third Degree Black Belts (0.5%)
• 3 Fourth Degree Black Belts (0.5%)
Therefore 1 of 40 people that tested reaches the level of Second Degree in our Club.
So, how long does it take to reach at least a First Degree Black Belt in our Club? The average in our Club based on our records is 4.5 years. However, the minimum time it took to date is 1.5 years and the maximum is 21 years. For those into mathematics and statistics, the standard deviation is 3 years.
Also, how you progress is different for each person. Each person takes their own path and it depends on what their time and effort in plus what else is going on in their life. The figure below traces four students’ scores until they reached first degree Black Belt and shows just that – students progress at their own pace.
Student 1 progressed quickly and steadily. Student 2 progresses as quickly as Student 1 at first but the progression slowed after that but was fairly steady until Black Belt. Student 3 started slower than Students 1 and 2 but then started on a slope similar to Student 2 after 1.5 years. Student 4 progressed at a slower rate from Green to Brown than the other students and then slightly slower afterwards but continued and eventually reached Black Belt.
So what does all this mean? It boils down to time and effort. Those that made it in a few years work very hard and dedicate themselves working out not just in class. The person that took 21 years took time off and was not part of the Club for years, but then came back and reached that level (if you took out the time that person took off, it was more like 5-6 years). Even for the four students in the figure, the slope or progression was most likely dependent on how much effort they were able to dedicate to practice over that time period.
The bottom line is it takes time and effort to progress and everyone progresses at their own pace and it takes dedication to continue on this journey to reach Black Belt. I encourage all of you to continue to train and continue to progress at your own pace.
Regards,
Kelly
Victory over oneself is the primary goal of our training. We focus on the spirit rather than the form, the kernel rather than the shell. ~ Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969), founder of Aikido, from his book “The Art of Peace”
With that said, martial arts is a journey and commitment. We recognize, due to many reasons including life changes that continuing the practice within the Club can be difficult at times.
Since the Club started in 1973, we have on record 570 students testing (which means there have probably been close to 1000 students that at least signed up for the class, since our experience is about a 50% drop out ratio in the first semester).
Of those 570 students, the break out per rank is:
• 141 Green Belts (25%)
• 288 Blue (51%)
• 65 Brown Belts (11%)
• 13 Interim Black Belts (2%)
• 63 Black Belts (11%)
Based on information I have read in books and on martial arts website, around 11% for Black Belts appears to be consistent with other western martial arts clubs. Therefore, about 1 in 10 people who test in our Club reach the level of First Degree Black Belt.
Of the Black Belts, the break out per degree is:
• 49 First Degree Black Belts (8.6%)
• 8 Second Degree Black Belts (1.4%)
• 3 Third Degree Black Belts (0.5%)
• 3 Fourth Degree Black Belts (0.5%)
Therefore 1 of 40 people that tested reaches the level of Second Degree in our Club.
So, how long does it take to reach at least a First Degree Black Belt in our Club? The average in our Club based on our records is 4.5 years. However, the minimum time it took to date is 1.5 years and the maximum is 21 years. For those into mathematics and statistics, the standard deviation is 3 years.
Also, how you progress is different for each person. Each person takes their own path and it depends on what their time and effort in plus what else is going on in their life. The figure below traces four students’ scores until they reached first degree Black Belt and shows just that – students progress at their own pace.
Student 1 progressed quickly and steadily. Student 2 progresses as quickly as Student 1 at first but the progression slowed after that but was fairly steady until Black Belt. Student 3 started slower than Students 1 and 2 but then started on a slope similar to Student 2 after 1.5 years. Student 4 progressed at a slower rate from Green to Brown than the other students and then slightly slower afterwards but continued and eventually reached Black Belt.
So what does all this mean? It boils down to time and effort. Those that made it in a few years work very hard and dedicate themselves working out not just in class. The person that took 21 years took time off and was not part of the Club for years, but then came back and reached that level (if you took out the time that person took off, it was more like 5-6 years). Even for the four students in the figure, the slope or progression was most likely dependent on how much effort they were able to dedicate to practice over that time period.
The bottom line is it takes time and effort to progress and everyone progresses at their own pace and it takes dedication to continue on this journey to reach Black Belt. I encourage all of you to continue to train and continue to progress at your own pace.
Regards,
Kelly
Victory over oneself is the primary goal of our training. We focus on the spirit rather than the form, the kernel rather than the shell. ~ Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969), founder of Aikido, from his book “The Art of Peace”
Sunday, August 1, 2010
Focus and Concentration - - Chief Instructor's Blog August 2010
As I have said in several of the blogs, martial arts in its true form is to assist one in improving oneself physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually.
One of the elements that can assist in every area is focus and concentration. One needs to be able to concentrate fully and focus on the task at hand to be present and to be effective.
To be present is a state where you are totally aware of what is happening now; this instance. Many of you may have seen Brian Rainie’s license plate frame that states “You Must Be Present to Win”. That is the essence – if you are to win, you must be present (in the now).
In martial arts, the Japanese term that is used to describe this state of being is kime.
As stated in Joe Hyams’ Zen in the Martial Arts, kime is described by Bruce Lee as the following: “The secret of kime (tightening of the mind) is to exclude all extraneous thoughts, thoughts that that are not concerned with achieving your immediate goal.” [1]
A street fight or altercation can last 30 seconds to several minutes. It is critical that during an altercation, every moment you are 100% focused on the task at hand to stay safe. To reach that level of focus and concentration where a sight or sound does not distract oneself takes practice.
Every class session you should strive to be completely focused and concentrate on the drill at hand and not let what is happening in other aspects of your life, what is happening across the room, or what lies ahead of you after class be a distraction. If you do not practice a state of complete focus and concentration, you will not be able to easily get to this state when you absolutely need to.
Practicing forms (Hyung) are also a great way to practice concentration and focus and being in the moment. When practicing your forms you should be able to go through the forms with no extraneous thoughts entering your mind. You should focus and concentrate on each technique one at a time without thinking about the last technique or the upcoming technique until you finish the current technique. If you start going through the forms and other thoughts enter, stop and start over. See if you can get through your forms with no other thoughts entering and you are clear and present in the moment for each technique.
Meditation is one way to work on being able to concentrate and focus. There are many classes and sessions in meditation around the Bay Area if you would like to learn to meditate.
Regards,
Kelly
“When you train, do so as if on the battlefield. Your eyes should glare, shoulders drop, and body harden. You should always train with intensity and spirit as if actually facing the enemy, and in this way you will naturally be ready”. ~ Anko Itosu (1830–1915), Okinawan Karate Master, from his letter 10 Precepts of Karate written in 1908
Reference
1. Zen in the Martial Arts by Joe Hyams
One of the elements that can assist in every area is focus and concentration. One needs to be able to concentrate fully and focus on the task at hand to be present and to be effective.
To be present is a state where you are totally aware of what is happening now; this instance. Many of you may have seen Brian Rainie’s license plate frame that states “You Must Be Present to Win”. That is the essence – if you are to win, you must be present (in the now).
In martial arts, the Japanese term that is used to describe this state of being is kime.
As stated in Joe Hyams’ Zen in the Martial Arts, kime is described by Bruce Lee as the following: “The secret of kime (tightening of the mind) is to exclude all extraneous thoughts, thoughts that that are not concerned with achieving your immediate goal.” [1]
A street fight or altercation can last 30 seconds to several minutes. It is critical that during an altercation, every moment you are 100% focused on the task at hand to stay safe. To reach that level of focus and concentration where a sight or sound does not distract oneself takes practice.
Every class session you should strive to be completely focused and concentrate on the drill at hand and not let what is happening in other aspects of your life, what is happening across the room, or what lies ahead of you after class be a distraction. If you do not practice a state of complete focus and concentration, you will not be able to easily get to this state when you absolutely need to.
Practicing forms (Hyung) are also a great way to practice concentration and focus and being in the moment. When practicing your forms you should be able to go through the forms with no extraneous thoughts entering your mind. You should focus and concentrate on each technique one at a time without thinking about the last technique or the upcoming technique until you finish the current technique. If you start going through the forms and other thoughts enter, stop and start over. See if you can get through your forms with no other thoughts entering and you are clear and present in the moment for each technique.
Meditation is one way to work on being able to concentrate and focus. There are many classes and sessions in meditation around the Bay Area if you would like to learn to meditate.
Regards,
Kelly
“When you train, do so as if on the battlefield. Your eyes should glare, shoulders drop, and body harden. You should always train with intensity and spirit as if actually facing the enemy, and in this way you will naturally be ready”. ~ Anko Itosu (1830–1915), Okinawan Karate Master, from his letter 10 Precepts of Karate written in 1908
Reference
1. Zen in the Martial Arts by Joe Hyams
Thursday, July 1, 2010
Respecting the Art Form - - Chief Instructor's Blog July 2010
In Gichin Funakoshi’s, The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate [1], his first principle is “Do not forget that Karate-Do begins and ends with rei”.
He states that “Rei is often defined as ‘respect’, but it actually means much more. Rei encompasses both an attitude and respect for others and a sense of self-esteem.” He goes on to state “Combat methods that lack rei are not martial arts but mere contemptible violence” [1].
One reason we bow is to show respect. In our Club we bow at the beginning and end of each class to show respect for the Instructors and our fellow students. We bow to our partners before sparring and other drills to show respect for one another. We bow when we enter and leave the dojang to show respect for the space we practice and learn the techniques. As a side note, in Japanese art forms “Rei” is used as the command to bow.
I believe that one of the reasons martial arts masters used to be very selective in the students they took on to teach was to ensure they presented a sense of respect. For some masters, teaching their style was handing down “secrets” from a family or lineage. For many reasons for many years, martial artists trained secretly and in private. There were many instances where students were turned away from masters. To continue to train, students were obedient, and respectful. Not just respectful of to the instructors, but respectful of the knowledge that was shared with them.
Today, it is easier to find a martial arts school or club to learn from. The information is more open, but it is still a privilege to learn the information. Martial art students still should demonstrate respect: respect for the information and the training they receive by being responsible in how they use the art form as well as practicing the knowledge they have been handed.
To properly respect martial arts, students should strive to master all the techniques no matter how trivial they may seem. The information provided in martial arts training provides information and skills which can have deadly results if used improperly or with the intent of being deadly. Therefore it is crucial students should respect the information provided to them from their Instructors and practice what they have been taught diligently, seriously, and respectfully.
At our Club, the Instructors will provide training at a level appropriate for you, based on your skill set and experience. Appropriate also means you are ready to learn new information because you have gained appropriate proficiency in the techniques and forms you have been taught to date. We want to make sure you are ready to understand and respect any new material but also respect and understand the material you have been taught . In this perspective, we do hold back some information until you have shown you are ready to respect it.
Respecting it means not only respecting the use of it, but also respecting those that you train with, respecting the Instructors that provide the information, and respecting the information provided.
Regards,
Kelly
“All martial arts begin and end with rei." ~ Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957), founder of Shotokan Karate, from his book “Twenty Guiding Principled of Karate”
References:
1. The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate: The Spiritual Legacy of the Master by Gichin Funakoshi
He states that “Rei is often defined as ‘respect’, but it actually means much more. Rei encompasses both an attitude and respect for others and a sense of self-esteem.” He goes on to state “Combat methods that lack rei are not martial arts but mere contemptible violence” [1].
One reason we bow is to show respect. In our Club we bow at the beginning and end of each class to show respect for the Instructors and our fellow students. We bow to our partners before sparring and other drills to show respect for one another. We bow when we enter and leave the dojang to show respect for the space we practice and learn the techniques. As a side note, in Japanese art forms “Rei” is used as the command to bow.
I believe that one of the reasons martial arts masters used to be very selective in the students they took on to teach was to ensure they presented a sense of respect. For some masters, teaching their style was handing down “secrets” from a family or lineage. For many reasons for many years, martial artists trained secretly and in private. There were many instances where students were turned away from masters. To continue to train, students were obedient, and respectful. Not just respectful of to the instructors, but respectful of the knowledge that was shared with them.
Today, it is easier to find a martial arts school or club to learn from. The information is more open, but it is still a privilege to learn the information. Martial art students still should demonstrate respect: respect for the information and the training they receive by being responsible in how they use the art form as well as practicing the knowledge they have been handed.
To properly respect martial arts, students should strive to master all the techniques no matter how trivial they may seem. The information provided in martial arts training provides information and skills which can have deadly results if used improperly or with the intent of being deadly. Therefore it is crucial students should respect the information provided to them from their Instructors and practice what they have been taught diligently, seriously, and respectfully.
At our Club, the Instructors will provide training at a level appropriate for you, based on your skill set and experience. Appropriate also means you are ready to learn new information because you have gained appropriate proficiency in the techniques and forms you have been taught to date. We want to make sure you are ready to understand and respect any new material but also respect and understand the material you have been taught . In this perspective, we do hold back some information until you have shown you are ready to respect it.
Respecting it means not only respecting the use of it, but also respecting those that you train with, respecting the Instructors that provide the information, and respecting the information provided.
Regards,
Kelly
“All martial arts begin and end with rei." ~ Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957), founder of Shotokan Karate, from his book “Twenty Guiding Principled of Karate”
References:
1. The Twenty Guiding Principles of Karate: The Spiritual Legacy of the Master by Gichin Funakoshi
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Benefits of Martial Arts Training- - Chief Instructor's Blog June 2010
There are many benefits from the practicing and studying of a martial art. These include physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual benefits.
Physical Benefits
There are many physical benefits from studying martial arts including, but not limited to:
• Aerobic conditioning which improves one’s cardiovascular system and is an important part of weight management [1];
• Anaerobic conditioning which is important for increasing stamina and endurance and ability to perform short, intense bursts of activity [2];
• Increased muscular strength which can decrease the risk of injuries, supports maintaining a healthier body mass, and allows one to perform daily tasks without being as tasked [1];
• Improved coordination which is a key factor in physical activities that require eye-hand, eye-foot, or rhythmic movements and plays a major role in developing agility [2];
• Improved balance in static and dynamic situations;
• Reduced stress;
• Improved flexibility which leads to, according to the American Council on Exercise (ACE) [1], greater freedom of movement and improved posture, increased physical and mental relaxation, release of muscle tension and soreness, and reduced risk of injury; and
• Improved agility.
Mental Benefits
The mental benefits from studying martial arts include, but are not limited to:
• Improved mental strength which allows gives one the ability to concentrate and focus longer and more intensely on given tasks, undertake obstacles, undertake challenges, and set high goals [2];
• Ability to shift attention and focus from one place to another; and
• Improved mental endurance which provides you the discipline, mental stamina and perseverance to compete difficult tasks at hand, finish what you start, overcome obstacles, and complete your goals [2].
Emotional
There are many emotional benefits from studying martial arts including, but not limited to:
• Increased self confidence;
• More effective breathing which ensures adequate oxygen to the brain [2];
• Reduced stress.
Spiritual
There are many spiritual benefits from studying martial arts including, but not limited to:
• Increased mind-body connection;
• More awareness of oneself and body;
• Discovery of one’s self and potential
If you are thinking that many of these are intertwined, you are right. There are also many causes and effects. Our emotional state can affect our physical. Our physical capability and performing techniques well can boost self-confidence which brings out a positive emotional state. A positive emotional state can make us physically more effective. If we have confidence, we are more focused. If we are more focused our physical techniques are better. If we start to recognize these connections, our mind-body connection is enhanced as is our awareness of our self. We can then discover our true potential and benefit spiritually. Martial arts training has a variety of benefits that support an overall healthier living.
Regards,
Kelly
“Given enough time, any man may master the physical. With enough knowledge, any man may become wise. It is the true warrior who can master both....and surpass the result.” ~ Tien T'ai (538-597 CE), founder of the Chinese T’ien-t’ai sect of Buddhism
“In the past, many masters of karate have enjoyed long lives. Karate aids in developing the bones and muscles. It helps the digestion as well as the circulation. If karate should be introduced, beginning in the elementary schools, then we will produce many men each capable of defeating ten assailants.” ~ Anko Itosu (1830–1915), Okinawan Karate Master, from his letter 10 Precepts of Karate written in 1908
References
1. http://www.acefitness.org
2. Ultimate Fitness Through Martial Arts by Sang H. Kim
Physical Benefits
There are many physical benefits from studying martial arts including, but not limited to:
• Aerobic conditioning which improves one’s cardiovascular system and is an important part of weight management [1];
• Anaerobic conditioning which is important for increasing stamina and endurance and ability to perform short, intense bursts of activity [2];
• Increased muscular strength which can decrease the risk of injuries, supports maintaining a healthier body mass, and allows one to perform daily tasks without being as tasked [1];
• Improved coordination which is a key factor in physical activities that require eye-hand, eye-foot, or rhythmic movements and plays a major role in developing agility [2];
• Improved balance in static and dynamic situations;
• Reduced stress;
• Improved flexibility which leads to, according to the American Council on Exercise (ACE) [1], greater freedom of movement and improved posture, increased physical and mental relaxation, release of muscle tension and soreness, and reduced risk of injury; and
• Improved agility.
Mental Benefits
The mental benefits from studying martial arts include, but are not limited to:
• Improved mental strength which allows gives one the ability to concentrate and focus longer and more intensely on given tasks, undertake obstacles, undertake challenges, and set high goals [2];
• Ability to shift attention and focus from one place to another; and
• Improved mental endurance which provides you the discipline, mental stamina and perseverance to compete difficult tasks at hand, finish what you start, overcome obstacles, and complete your goals [2].
Emotional
There are many emotional benefits from studying martial arts including, but not limited to:
• Increased self confidence;
• More effective breathing which ensures adequate oxygen to the brain [2];
• Reduced stress.
Spiritual
There are many spiritual benefits from studying martial arts including, but not limited to:
• Increased mind-body connection;
• More awareness of oneself and body;
• Discovery of one’s self and potential
If you are thinking that many of these are intertwined, you are right. There are also many causes and effects. Our emotional state can affect our physical. Our physical capability and performing techniques well can boost self-confidence which brings out a positive emotional state. A positive emotional state can make us physically more effective. If we have confidence, we are more focused. If we are more focused our physical techniques are better. If we start to recognize these connections, our mind-body connection is enhanced as is our awareness of our self. We can then discover our true potential and benefit spiritually. Martial arts training has a variety of benefits that support an overall healthier living.
Regards,
Kelly
“Given enough time, any man may master the physical. With enough knowledge, any man may become wise. It is the true warrior who can master both....and surpass the result.” ~ Tien T'ai (538-597 CE), founder of the Chinese T’ien-t’ai sect of Buddhism
“In the past, many masters of karate have enjoyed long lives. Karate aids in developing the bones and muscles. It helps the digestion as well as the circulation. If karate should be introduced, beginning in the elementary schools, then we will produce many men each capable of defeating ten assailants.” ~ Anko Itosu (1830–1915), Okinawan Karate Master, from his letter 10 Precepts of Karate written in 1908
References
1. http://www.acefitness.org
2. Ultimate Fitness Through Martial Arts by Sang H. Kim
Saturday, May 1, 2010
HMK Hyung – What are they trying to Tell Us About the Artform Kicks - - Chief Instructor's Blog May 2010
Hyung are a prearranged series of offensive and defensive techniques (blocks, strikes, and kicks) that are performed in a specific pattern. Hyung contain the foundation of any particular art form. Some believe the true meaning and spirit of an art form can be found through the study and understanding of the art forms’ hyung.
It is also believed that the fundamental fighting tactics required to be effective are all embedded in the hyung. For this discussion, my definition of tactics is an expedient means of achieving an end. Tactics are what you do during contact with the opponent (kicks, strikes, etc).
References [1] and [2] are both contain very good information to explain the theories behind hyung (forms) and ways of deciphering hyung (forms) applications.
So, if that premise is true, what do the tactics within the HMK hyung tell us about the art form?
HMK practices 15 hyung in total. If we review and analyze the tactics in the 15 hyung, it should uncover the essence of which tactics would be most effective in a fight based on the HMK philosophy, its strategy and tactics.
This review and analysis can be at a fundamental level (that is the most obvious technique) or at a deeper level to what the possibility of some techniques are. For the purpose of this discussion and analysis, we will stick to the most obvious techniques.
A review of the 15 hyung and all its obvious kicks that are practiced show that 55 kicks are thrown. Of those 55:
• 34 are Front Kicks* (62 %** of the total)
• 19 are Stamping Side Kicks (35%** of the total)
• 2 are Crescent Kicks (4%** of the total)
*Note that for this analysis there is not a differentiation between a front kick from a Natural Stance or a Rear Leg Front Kick from an Attack Stance
** Note these numbers are rounded
So, from the analysis, we can conclude the kicking tactics you’d use most often in a fighting situation is Front Kicks and Stamping Side Kicks and periodically Crescent Kicks.
So, you may ask yourself, if this is the case then “Why are these kicks the most effective?” and “Why bother practicing the other kicks?”. Let’s look at possible answers to each of these questions.
Why are these kicks the most effective?
Below are some of my thoughts to this question. There may be additional reasons as well and if you come up with any, I’d really like to hear your ideas.
1. Front Kick is very effective for several reasons
• Can be throw quickly and easily facing an opponent
• Hard to stop using a linear, piston action
• Can be thrown towards the knee, shins “under the radar” of the eyes of the opponent so they do not even see it coming
• Very effective closer in to the opponent
2. Stamping Side Kick is very effective for several reasons
• The Stamping Side Kick is an effective technique when used to strike an opponent’ foot, shin, or knee
• The kick is low and under the eyes, gaze of the opponent so they are not prepared or see the kick coming
• Very effective as a close in kick
3. Crescent Kick is not a common kick used in self-defense or sparring, but can be effective when the situation arises.
• The kick can be used as a sweep to an opponent’s shin area to take an opponent off his feet. As a sweep, the kick is low and under the eyes, gaze of the opponent so they are not prepared or see the kick coming.
• The kick can be used for defensive purposes and can be used to deflect or alter attacking opponent’s kick or hand technique followed by a counterattack.
• It can also be used as an unconventional attack to confuse a more skilled opponent.
• Effective as a close in kick
Since one of HMK’s main strategy is close in fighting and these kicks are effective close in, it makes sense you see these more often as tactics in the forms.
Why bother practicing the other kicks or heights other than low to the ground?
Below are some of my thoughts to this question. There may be additional reasons as well and if you come up with any, I’d really like to hear your ideas.
There are several reasons to practice the other kicks and kicks that are high and not just low. Some of those include:
• Development of all muscles (hip flexors, quadriceps, calf muscles, etc)
• More kicks give you more options
• Strength
• Power
• Endurance
• Discipline
• Flexibility
• Balance
• Coordination
• Awareness of oneself and body
The hyung can not account for every situation, every encounter, and every angle of attack. Other kicks such as side kick, turnaway kick, back kick have their place and times to be used in a self-defense situation. The hyung are telling us that the most effective kicks for close-in fighting.
Regards,
Kelly
“Always practice kata with its practical use in your mind.” ~ Anko Itosu (1830-1915), Okinawan Karate master
References
1. Bunkai-Jutsu by Iain Abernethy
2. The Way of Kata: A Comprehensive Guide for Deciphering Martial Applications by Lawrence Kane
It is also believed that the fundamental fighting tactics required to be effective are all embedded in the hyung. For this discussion, my definition of tactics is an expedient means of achieving an end. Tactics are what you do during contact with the opponent (kicks, strikes, etc).
References [1] and [2] are both contain very good information to explain the theories behind hyung (forms) and ways of deciphering hyung (forms) applications.
So, if that premise is true, what do the tactics within the HMK hyung tell us about the art form?
HMK practices 15 hyung in total. If we review and analyze the tactics in the 15 hyung, it should uncover the essence of which tactics would be most effective in a fight based on the HMK philosophy, its strategy and tactics.
This review and analysis can be at a fundamental level (that is the most obvious technique) or at a deeper level to what the possibility of some techniques are. For the purpose of this discussion and analysis, we will stick to the most obvious techniques.
A review of the 15 hyung and all its obvious kicks that are practiced show that 55 kicks are thrown. Of those 55:
• 34 are Front Kicks* (62 %** of the total)
• 19 are Stamping Side Kicks (35%** of the total)
• 2 are Crescent Kicks (4%** of the total)
*Note that for this analysis there is not a differentiation between a front kick from a Natural Stance or a Rear Leg Front Kick from an Attack Stance
** Note these numbers are rounded
So, from the analysis, we can conclude the kicking tactics you’d use most often in a fighting situation is Front Kicks and Stamping Side Kicks and periodically Crescent Kicks.
So, you may ask yourself, if this is the case then “Why are these kicks the most effective?” and “Why bother practicing the other kicks?”. Let’s look at possible answers to each of these questions.
Why are these kicks the most effective?
Below are some of my thoughts to this question. There may be additional reasons as well and if you come up with any, I’d really like to hear your ideas.
1. Front Kick is very effective for several reasons
• Can be throw quickly and easily facing an opponent
• Hard to stop using a linear, piston action
• Can be thrown towards the knee, shins “under the radar” of the eyes of the opponent so they do not even see it coming
• Very effective closer in to the opponent
2. Stamping Side Kick is very effective for several reasons
• The Stamping Side Kick is an effective technique when used to strike an opponent’ foot, shin, or knee
• The kick is low and under the eyes, gaze of the opponent so they are not prepared or see the kick coming
• Very effective as a close in kick
3. Crescent Kick is not a common kick used in self-defense or sparring, but can be effective when the situation arises.
• The kick can be used as a sweep to an opponent’s shin area to take an opponent off his feet. As a sweep, the kick is low and under the eyes, gaze of the opponent so they are not prepared or see the kick coming.
• The kick can be used for defensive purposes and can be used to deflect or alter attacking opponent’s kick or hand technique followed by a counterattack.
• It can also be used as an unconventional attack to confuse a more skilled opponent.
• Effective as a close in kick
Since one of HMK’s main strategy is close in fighting and these kicks are effective close in, it makes sense you see these more often as tactics in the forms.
Why bother practicing the other kicks or heights other than low to the ground?
Below are some of my thoughts to this question. There may be additional reasons as well and if you come up with any, I’d really like to hear your ideas.
There are several reasons to practice the other kicks and kicks that are high and not just low. Some of those include:
• Development of all muscles (hip flexors, quadriceps, calf muscles, etc)
• More kicks give you more options
• Strength
• Power
• Endurance
• Discipline
• Flexibility
• Balance
• Coordination
• Awareness of oneself and body
The hyung can not account for every situation, every encounter, and every angle of attack. Other kicks such as side kick, turnaway kick, back kick have their place and times to be used in a self-defense situation. The hyung are telling us that the most effective kicks for close-in fighting.
Regards,
Kelly
“Always practice kata with its practical use in your mind.” ~ Anko Itosu (1830-1915), Okinawan Karate master
References
1. Bunkai-Jutsu by Iain Abernethy
2. The Way of Kata: A Comprehensive Guide for Deciphering Martial Applications by Lawrence Kane
Thursday, April 1, 2010
Origins of HMK Hyung Part III - Chief Instructor's Blog April 2010
Note: This three part series examines the origins of the Han Moo Kwan forms. The first part discussed the history, and lineage of Han Moo Kwan as well as the origins of the Kibon series. The second part revealed the origins of Pyung Ahn series, ShipSu, and No Pe Hyung. This final part (Part III) describes the origins of the Mepojan series as well as a discussion of the evolution of the forms over time.
Mepojan series
The origin of this series is unknown but all research indicates it came from China to Okinawa. In Okinawan the series is called Naihanchi (which means "fighting holding your ground" according to some literature) and in Japanese they are called the Tekki forms (which means “horse riding”).
Similar to other Motobu’s comments made in his book Okinawan Kempo, he also lists Naihanchi (Ichidan, Nidan, Sandan) as kata “which have been used in Ryu Kyu from the ancient days” and also noted that Naihanchi “are not left in China today and remain only in Okinawa as active Martial Arts [6]”.
Funakoshi wrote regarding the form Tekki “The name refers to the distinctive feature of these kata, their horse riding (kiba-dachi) stance. In this, the legs are set in a strong, straddling in position as if on a horseback, and tension is applied on the outside edges of the soles of the feet with the feeling of gathering the strength in toward the center [1]”.
According to Nagamine in regards to the Naihanchi series “the composer is still unknown, yet these kata were known to the Shuri and Tomari schools even before the kata of Pinan was invented. This is proved by the fact that beginners used to learn Naihanchi instead of Pinan [2]”.
Acording to Bishop’s research, a large percentage of Okinawan karate styles still teach Naihanchi. In fact throughout Bishop’s book it is indicated that this series of forms is the first series taught to beginners [5].
Nagamine wrote (referring to prior to Itsou’s generation), “In those days, the Naihanchi kata were usually taught to beginners. However, if children had no previous knowledge of techniques and were not physically mature, this training was not considered good practice [7]”.
There are several theories related to the origins and changes to this form. Swift writes “There are three kata in modern (i.e. post 1900) karate, with the second and third thought to have been created by Anko Itosu (Iwai, 1992; Kinjo, 1991a; Murakami, 1991)[9],” Higaki also writes that “It is reported that Master Itsou created Nihanchi 2 and 3 [10]. Swift goes on to say “Another popular theory is that originally the three were one kata, but were broken up into three separate parts by Itosu (Aragaki, 2000; Iwai, 1992) [9]”. Bishop wrote that “Itsou simplified Matsumura’s kata Naihanchi [5]”. Higaki also writes that “In an interview with Choki Motobu, in ”Karate Kenkyu” (Genwa Nakasone) he states that Master Matsumuru and Master Itsou’s Naihanchi were different [10]”. While there is no information found to verify these claims, it is very plausible that Itsou transformed these kata (especially as he introduced them into the schools) and influenced the modern interpretation.
Mepojan series are performed horizontally (side to side) keeping the body level with the goal to minimize torso motion. In many references, it was written these forms were developed to train and develop strength on the lower part of the body including the waist and legs [2], so a “student’s physique becomes naturally adapted to karate [5]”, and “for close in fighting [10]”, and “to immobilize one’s opponent before striking [10]”.
In Korean martial arts, Mepojan can also been seen in literature written as Naihanji Hyung (which means “knight on a horse”). Throughout my research, I have not been able to find a translation for Mepojan. The Han Moo Kwan version of Mepojan series is very similar to those taught in the karate and Korean styles mentioned in Table 1 although there are some differences. It is most likely that Mr. Chun Sang Sup based his Korean version of the form on the Japanese Tekki and brought the form to Korea where he taught it to Mr. Lee Kyo Yoon who, in turn, taught to Mr. Kim who retained them for our Han Moo Kwan club.
Evolutions of the Forms
Over the years, the forms have changed; sometimes on purpose and sometimes due to the tradition of teaching the martial arts verbally, the many different interpretations of the meaning of the techniques within the forms, as well as instructors intentionally changing them to better suit their style.
Nagamine writes [2] “Because of the secrecy in which karate had to be practiced and the total reliance on oral tradition, no single well-documented theory on the origins and the development of the kata was formulated. There are as many theories concerning the origins and execution of the kata as there are schools of karate.” He goes on to write “Consequently, the manner in which kata should be executed is also open to various interpretations”.
Some of the masters were concerned with the changes and others were not.
Bishop writes regarding Nagamine that in 1936 “he also met Sokon Matsumura’s and Anko Itosu’s disciples, Chomo Hanahiro and Kentsu Yabu, who warned him that the karate katas at Tokyo had changed considerably and that Nagamine should take pains to keep the katas he taught in their original form [5]”.
As an example of changing to one’s own interpretation, Bishop writes, “Motobu usually only taught his own interpretations of Naihanchi that included ti-like grappling and throwing techniques [5]”. Another example is in Bishops’ book where he writes “Chibana believed that one should adapt and develop forms to suit one’s own body and temperament [5]”.
Funakoshi intentionally altered the forms. He writes in his autobiography “Hoping to see karate included in the universal physical education taught in our private schools, I set about revising the kata so as to make them as simple as possible [8]”. He goes on to write “Inasmuch as there are not now, and there never have been any fast and hard rules regarding the various kata, it is hardly surprising to find that they change not only with the times but also from instructor to instructor [8]”.
It is likely that the Han Moo Kwan forms, once they were taught in Korea, were changed as well to make them a little more Korean, in line with those instructors’ beliefs, matching their body styles, etc. We also know that Mr. Kim made some changes to the forms. It is also possible he changed the forms from what he was originally taught either intentionally or not (he resided in the states for several years before he started teaching Han Moo Kwan, so there is a possibility he did not remember every move exactly how he was taught ). It is not uncommon to hear some of the earlier students say the forms look a little different than when they were taught originally. In fact even some of the students of Mr. Kim today remember being taught some of the moves differently. Some of these changes were on purpose and others, I believe, were due, as in the past, to the oral tradition of teaching the forms and no written documentation to keep them consistent. We know for a fact that in the early 1990s Mr. Kim and the senior black belts made some adjustments; one of those is that the opening moves to Pyung Ahn 3 are now symmetrical. This change was on purpose to make it easier to remember.
I believe, while some changes may be good, further evolution without an understanding of the original purpose and intent of the techniques should be minimized. In our Club, we have strived to minimize any more changes over time through our written documentation and videos to allow students to teach and learn the forms more consistently.
Summary
Based on my research, the origins of the Han Moo Kwan forms trace back to Okinawan karate. They have evolved over the years and changes have been introduced. However the essence of the forms and the value and benefits of learning and practicing forms remains. And while the original intent of their meaning is as many as the students of the forms, for me, that makes studying the forms more interesting.
Regards,
Kelly
“In spite of a street encounter never being the same, the principles of the kata never vary, however. Thus, one must learn how they are applied and how to bend with the winds of the adversity.” ~ Choki Motobu (1871–1944), Founder of Okinawan Tomari-te Karate
References
1. Karate-Do Kyohan: The Master Text by Gichin Funakoshi
2. The Essence of Okianwan Katate-Do by Shoshin Nagamine
3. Tang Soo Do: The Ultimate Guide to the Korean Martial Art by Kang Uk Lee
4. Tae Kwon Do Classic Forms: 21 Hyung--Novice White Belt through Advanced Black Belt by Ted Hillson
5. Okinawan Karate by Mark Bishop
6. Okinawan Kempo by Choki Motobu
7. Tales of Okinawa’s Great Masters by Shoshin Nagamine
8. Karate-do My Way of Life by Gichin Funakoshi
9. Roots Of Shotokan: Funakoshi's Original 15 Kata by Joe Swift (http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=220, http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=221, http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=2212 )
10. Hidden Karate: The True Bunkai For the Heian Katas and Naihanchi by Gennosuke Higaki
11. Hartman, R. (2006). Taekwondo Tutor [Online]. Available: TKDTutor.com [31 December 2009].
12. http://www.iainabernethy.com/articles/article_home.asp
Unpublished work © 2010 Kelly McInerney.
All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.
Mepojan series
The origin of this series is unknown but all research indicates it came from China to Okinawa. In Okinawan the series is called Naihanchi (which means "fighting holding your ground" according to some literature) and in Japanese they are called the Tekki forms (which means “horse riding”).
Similar to other Motobu’s comments made in his book Okinawan Kempo, he also lists Naihanchi (Ichidan, Nidan, Sandan) as kata “which have been used in Ryu Kyu from the ancient days” and also noted that Naihanchi “are not left in China today and remain only in Okinawa as active Martial Arts [6]”.
Funakoshi wrote regarding the form Tekki “The name refers to the distinctive feature of these kata, their horse riding (kiba-dachi) stance. In this, the legs are set in a strong, straddling in position as if on a horseback, and tension is applied on the outside edges of the soles of the feet with the feeling of gathering the strength in toward the center [1]”.
According to Nagamine in regards to the Naihanchi series “the composer is still unknown, yet these kata were known to the Shuri and Tomari schools even before the kata of Pinan was invented. This is proved by the fact that beginners used to learn Naihanchi instead of Pinan [2]”.
Acording to Bishop’s research, a large percentage of Okinawan karate styles still teach Naihanchi. In fact throughout Bishop’s book it is indicated that this series of forms is the first series taught to beginners [5].
Nagamine wrote (referring to prior to Itsou’s generation), “In those days, the Naihanchi kata were usually taught to beginners. However, if children had no previous knowledge of techniques and were not physically mature, this training was not considered good practice [7]”.
There are several theories related to the origins and changes to this form. Swift writes “There are three kata in modern (i.e. post 1900) karate, with the second and third thought to have been created by Anko Itosu (Iwai, 1992; Kinjo, 1991a; Murakami, 1991)[9],” Higaki also writes that “It is reported that Master Itsou created Nihanchi 2 and 3 [10]. Swift goes on to say “Another popular theory is that originally the three were one kata, but were broken up into three separate parts by Itosu (Aragaki, 2000; Iwai, 1992) [9]”. Bishop wrote that “Itsou simplified Matsumura’s kata Naihanchi [5]”. Higaki also writes that “In an interview with Choki Motobu, in ”Karate Kenkyu” (Genwa Nakasone) he states that Master Matsumuru and Master Itsou’s Naihanchi were different [10]”. While there is no information found to verify these claims, it is very plausible that Itsou transformed these kata (especially as he introduced them into the schools) and influenced the modern interpretation.
Mepojan series are performed horizontally (side to side) keeping the body level with the goal to minimize torso motion. In many references, it was written these forms were developed to train and develop strength on the lower part of the body including the waist and legs [2], so a “student’s physique becomes naturally adapted to karate [5]”, and “for close in fighting [10]”, and “to immobilize one’s opponent before striking [10]”.
In Korean martial arts, Mepojan can also been seen in literature written as Naihanji Hyung (which means “knight on a horse”). Throughout my research, I have not been able to find a translation for Mepojan. The Han Moo Kwan version of Mepojan series is very similar to those taught in the karate and Korean styles mentioned in Table 1 although there are some differences. It is most likely that Mr. Chun Sang Sup based his Korean version of the form on the Japanese Tekki and brought the form to Korea where he taught it to Mr. Lee Kyo Yoon who, in turn, taught to Mr. Kim who retained them for our Han Moo Kwan club.
Evolutions of the Forms
Over the years, the forms have changed; sometimes on purpose and sometimes due to the tradition of teaching the martial arts verbally, the many different interpretations of the meaning of the techniques within the forms, as well as instructors intentionally changing them to better suit their style.
Nagamine writes [2] “Because of the secrecy in which karate had to be practiced and the total reliance on oral tradition, no single well-documented theory on the origins and the development of the kata was formulated. There are as many theories concerning the origins and execution of the kata as there are schools of karate.” He goes on to write “Consequently, the manner in which kata should be executed is also open to various interpretations”.
Some of the masters were concerned with the changes and others were not.
Bishop writes regarding Nagamine that in 1936 “he also met Sokon Matsumura’s and Anko Itosu’s disciples, Chomo Hanahiro and Kentsu Yabu, who warned him that the karate katas at Tokyo had changed considerably and that Nagamine should take pains to keep the katas he taught in their original form [5]”.
As an example of changing to one’s own interpretation, Bishop writes, “Motobu usually only taught his own interpretations of Naihanchi that included ti-like grappling and throwing techniques [5]”. Another example is in Bishops’ book where he writes “Chibana believed that one should adapt and develop forms to suit one’s own body and temperament [5]”.
Funakoshi intentionally altered the forms. He writes in his autobiography “Hoping to see karate included in the universal physical education taught in our private schools, I set about revising the kata so as to make them as simple as possible [8]”. He goes on to write “Inasmuch as there are not now, and there never have been any fast and hard rules regarding the various kata, it is hardly surprising to find that they change not only with the times but also from instructor to instructor [8]”.
It is likely that the Han Moo Kwan forms, once they were taught in Korea, were changed as well to make them a little more Korean, in line with those instructors’ beliefs, matching their body styles, etc. We also know that Mr. Kim made some changes to the forms. It is also possible he changed the forms from what he was originally taught either intentionally or not (he resided in the states for several years before he started teaching Han Moo Kwan, so there is a possibility he did not remember every move exactly how he was taught ). It is not uncommon to hear some of the earlier students say the forms look a little different than when they were taught originally. In fact even some of the students of Mr. Kim today remember being taught some of the moves differently. Some of these changes were on purpose and others, I believe, were due, as in the past, to the oral tradition of teaching the forms and no written documentation to keep them consistent. We know for a fact that in the early 1990s Mr. Kim and the senior black belts made some adjustments; one of those is that the opening moves to Pyung Ahn 3 are now symmetrical. This change was on purpose to make it easier to remember.
I believe, while some changes may be good, further evolution without an understanding of the original purpose and intent of the techniques should be minimized. In our Club, we have strived to minimize any more changes over time through our written documentation and videos to allow students to teach and learn the forms more consistently.
Summary
Based on my research, the origins of the Han Moo Kwan forms trace back to Okinawan karate. They have evolved over the years and changes have been introduced. However the essence of the forms and the value and benefits of learning and practicing forms remains. And while the original intent of their meaning is as many as the students of the forms, for me, that makes studying the forms more interesting.
Regards,
Kelly
“In spite of a street encounter never being the same, the principles of the kata never vary, however. Thus, one must learn how they are applied and how to bend with the winds of the adversity.” ~ Choki Motobu (1871–1944), Founder of Okinawan Tomari-te Karate
References
1. Karate-Do Kyohan: The Master Text by Gichin Funakoshi
2. The Essence of Okianwan Katate-Do by Shoshin Nagamine
3. Tang Soo Do: The Ultimate Guide to the Korean Martial Art by Kang Uk Lee
4. Tae Kwon Do Classic Forms: 21 Hyung--Novice White Belt through Advanced Black Belt by Ted Hillson
5. Okinawan Karate by Mark Bishop
6. Okinawan Kempo by Choki Motobu
7. Tales of Okinawa’s Great Masters by Shoshin Nagamine
8. Karate-do My Way of Life by Gichin Funakoshi
9. Roots Of Shotokan: Funakoshi's Original 15 Kata by Joe Swift (http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=220, http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=221, http://www.fightingarts.com/reading/article.php?id=2212 )
10. Hidden Karate: The True Bunkai For the Heian Katas and Naihanchi by Gennosuke Higaki
11. Hartman, R. (2006). Taekwondo Tutor [Online]. Available: TKDTutor.com [31 December 2009].
12. http://www.iainabernethy.com/articles/article_home.asp
Unpublished work © 2010 Kelly McInerney.
All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.
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